Defining Signals for Sound

In recording, there are a variety of ways to capture the sounds that you want and to filter out the ones that you don't want. These are all done through the capacities of equipment parts known as signal processors. Typically, signal processors will be used during the pre-mixing and mixing stage as well as the set up of instruments. They are also used as a combination of defining what the instruments need to turn into a wave and what the mixing can do to make the instruments sound at their best. Following are some basic signal processors you should know.

Equalization. This is also known as EQs and is used in a variety of places of the recording process. The main part of this is to create a balance between the ranges that are within each instrument, from the low to the mid and high ranges. Equalization processors can be found in mixing boards as balance knobs as well as specialized functions in different types of software.

Filters. This is done to take out the extra sounds that don't fit into the song. For example, if you have a buzz or white noise that you can't get out physically, you can filter the sound and allow for only the clarity to come through. This is done by isolating the wave and recalculating the wave instead of the noise underneath.

Reverberation. This is an effect that is used after the instruments are recorded into the software. Reverb allows for the resonance that would be heard in a natural setting to be implemented into the song. This type of setting works best for sounds that are already clear and need an extra effect to them.

Delay. This is the echo effect of signal processors. Delays come in a variety of formats, ranging from changing the room to a larger room to an echo effect that stops the sound from occurring by milliseconds. Depending on the technique and sound you are trying to create, you can use this specific tool to create a completely different sound in your music.

Dynamic Processing. This consists of a variety of options for recording, all which take place at the very beginning of the process of recording. The first type of processing is compression in which the wave will be limited to certain peaks on both sides, allowing it to stay closer to the middle. The second type of processing is expansion, in which the waves move to higher peaks that are away from the middle. Limiting is the third option, and stops the notes from sounding for a longer period of time. The last type of dynamic processing is noise gates, which stops certain sounds from being recorded, especially if it is based around the resonance of an instrument.

Noise Reduction. This is done in order to dampen the noises that are being heard through the recording process and is typically done at every step of recording. Noise reduction will include the ability to limit sounds and to reduce the lows or highs that don't need to be heard with certain sound effects.

These main signal processors are used in order to control the recording process and sounds as well as to create the desired effects for the end result. By using these different components at different times, it becomes easier to effectively create the sound you want through your recordings.

Keeping the Balance: Equalizing Instruments

If you are rehearsing or performing with a group, you automatically know that the last step before getting onto the stage is to make sure that everything blends. There is nothing that kills a performance of music more than not having the right fit. I'm sure many of you have experienced going to a performance and hearing a female voice taking over the entire band or noticing that one of the mics stopped the rest of the instrumentation from getting into the right groove.

Recording is no different in terms of finding balance. There will be two areas in which this happens, one which is with the physical recording, and one which is balanced through the EQs, also known as equalizers. When you are working in your studio, you want to make sure that you are aware of both of these sound levels for your recording, as it will make the entire difference in how your sound turns out in the end.

The first part of the sound balance comes from the physical presence. This will be done through the mixing board. With this, there will be the need to balance the instruments as they will be recorded into the tracks so that the volume does not peak too high and so each individual instrument can have a natural sound to it. When building this part of the equalization, you will want to pay attention to both the input into the computer as well as the output that the individuals hear through the monitors.

The main concept during this part is to make sure that everyone is equal. This means that the volume levels should be about the same on everyone. Remember that the lower it is, the more room you have to change the mix later. You don't want anyone to peak with their instrument during any part of the recording. Sound checking will help with both the input and output part of the recording.

The EQs are the next important part of getting the right mixes together. This is something that will be done from the mixing to the final mastering. During every step of the way, you will want to make sure that you have a balance between the high and low sounds and that one does not dominate over another.

There are a variety of standards that are followed in order to keep EQs in certain levels. This will be based on personal preferences as well as industry standards that are divided by genre of music. The main thing to keep in mind; however, is to not let one frequency be too loud over another. This means that the low part of one instrument should be about the same as the high end.

This should be the same for the instruments that are blended together. Unless you want some extra bass boost that comes through the recording or want the piano to dominate over the other instruments, make sure that everything is at about the same volume level. Not only can you do this through the normalization, mixing and mastering, but you can also place envelopes throughout the individual instruments. This will allow for certain parts of the song to be kept at a certain level then move back up to a normal dynamic level at another part.

The best way to check and see if all of these components are working correctly is to see how the monitors sound. Your monitors should be placed up high and on both sides of the room so that you can hear how the sound is bouncing back. The low ends on the bottom of the monitor will tell you if the bass is too high and the high ends will let you know if the high ends are too high. You can then adjust according to your preference until you have a fit.

Whatever your style of music, never start without getting the balance between individual instruments and the whole put into place. The more you know about this mixing process and EQs the better your CD will come out and the more professional it will sound. Finding your preferences and looking into the standards will give you a head start on keeping everything balanced.